Chip tuning on car is not worth - chip tuning KILLS YOUR ENGINE/(its not even so much about catalytic converter even that one gets ruined in process as well)

 I would advise anyone concerned for durability of his/her car to not chip one. Lady I bought car from https://ausertimes.blogspot.com/2021/12/elon-musks-newset-tesla-cars-cant-match.html never ever tuned her car and told me under MK Ultra would void

guarantee(hahaha) if I would tun car. From point of mechanical engineering technician when considering article at https://www.tuningblog.eu/en/kategorien/tipps_tuev-dekra-u-co/chiptuning-gefahren-241574/ she was 100% correct about NOT tuning car. Almost all if not all involved in MK Ultra with Fiats and Alfa Romeos, however, did tuned their cars. When chip tuning came out in 2004 or so, people in Slovenia went insane with it without asking themselves what consequences one my have on their cars...its a culture thing as we all have used during younger years on Slovenian made Tomos motorcycles a resonance exhausts - those added additional power 

to motorbikes for the cost of noise and were otherwise beneficial, but chip tuning is completely different animal...ENGINES ARE DESIGNED FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONALITY OF ITS PARTS THAT COMBINE POWER ENGINE WHEN SINGLE PART IS NOT PERFORMING THEREFORE ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS' SPECIFICATIONS, ALL PARTS ARE AT STAKE AND CONSEQUENTLY ONE BY ONE GIVE IN - FALL APART LEAVING ENTIRE ENGINE IN CONDITION AS SUCH.

I assume the WORST damages to cars are made through use of chip tuning because its not a single part of the engine that suffers - remains undetectable, but damage takes over entire engine consequently probably as good as to be thrown in a trash bin...there is no engine repair I assume afterwards...

Man explains in German that at times people sent him letters how cars passed 30k without problem on other occasions 100k etc, but here and then cars just lost randomly its power and it was game over - this is what chip tuning for its impossible to predict engine longevity performs - SIMPLY NOT WORTH. 

HOW TO KNOW IF CAR WHICH YOU ARE BUYING WAS NOT CHIP TUNED !!???? YOU CAN'T UNLESS YOU KNOW THE PERSON AS I DID IN MY CASE, BUT YOU CAN USE COMPUTER SYSTEM TO MEASURE THE POWER OF USED ENGINE...I WOULD RECOMMEND EVERYONE ON USED MARKED TO PAY FEW EXTRA $$$ AND DO JUST AS I STATED. CHIP TUNERS ARE NUMBER ONE USED CARS CATASTROPHIC BUYERS ENCOUNTER CONCERNING ENGINES...AND REMEMBER 1ST OWNER IF ONLY POSSIBLE AS THE MORE HEADS THE MORE CRAZY IDEAS AND THE MORE CAR ALREADY HAS KW ACCORDING TO CAR MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS, THE LESS CHIP TUNING IS POSSIBLE WITHOUT ENGINE DAMAGE(ratio between car manufacturer's car power and additional tall added to one via chip tuning also plays critical role I assume - its why some cars fade away faster than others and its why some cars are listed with broken engines at 200k and others with engines running at 500k etc...)..

AGAIN - Thank you very much to my couple who sold me car !!!